Spinning Tops

Sandstrum’s Spinning Tops Classification, 4th Rev.

Preface:

I originally created this classification in the 1990’s when I was collecting spinning tops.

Break Down of a Spinning Top Classification Number:

A. Primary Description

    A1. Primary Number (Classification Scheme):  How top is launched.

A2. Secondary Number (Rule 1): Optional way top is launched

  

B. Secondary Description

    B1. Shape (Rule 2)

    B2. Additional Attributes (Rule 3)

C. Optional Description

    C1. Construction Material (Rule 4)

    C2. Further Descriptions   (Rule 5) 

Bibliography:

Gould, D.W.  The Top:  Universal Toy, Enduring Pastime.  New York : Clarkson N. Potter, 1973.

Olney, Don. The Little Book of Tops : Tricks, Lore and More.  Philadelphia : Running Press, 1993.

Tops and Yo-Yos, and Other Spinning Toys. Gas City, IN : L-W Book Sales, 1995.

Spinning Top Classification Scheme

(Click on highlighted links to view images of top examples.)

Un-Aided Launch

100 Finger Twirlers

    110 General Finger

    111 Finger Scribing (e.g. Doodle Top) (can be classed as 110-29, see Attributes Table)

    112 Finger Anti-gravitational

    113 Finger Stemless Disc Top (laser top)

    114 Finger Stemless One-Directional Top (Rattleback or Celt Stone)

    115 Finger Subjacent Stem (majority of stem beneath body), e.g. Champagne Top

    130 Tippe

    140 Teetotum General

    141 Teetotum Numeric

    142 Teetotum Alphabetic

    143 Teetotum Alpha-Numeric

    144 Teetotum Dice

    145 Teetotum Dreidels

    146 Teetotum Dreidels Outside of Israel (Sham – “There”)

    147 Teetotum Dreidels Inside of Israel (Poh – “Here”)

200 Palm Twirlers

300 Air Blown Twirlers

    350 Air Blown Gyroscopes

400 Foot Twirlers

Aided Launch

500 String Launched

   510 Classic String Wound Detachable  Horizontal Handle

   511 Classic String Wound Detachable Verticle Handle

   512 String Wound Detachable Spool or Disc

   520 String Wound Attached Spool or Disc

   521 String Wound Attached Verticle Handle

   522  Japanese String Wound Around Top Neck  (Attached Verticle Handle)

   530 Western Tossed General

   531 Western Peg Crowned General

   532 Western Peg Wide Crowned

   533 Western Peg Narrow Crown

   534 Western Peg Narrow on top of Wide Crown

   535 Western Peg Uncrowned

   536 Western Peg Swivel Attached to Crown

   540 Eastern Tossed General

   541 Malaysian Peg

   542 Malaysian “Gasing” Tournament (Large, Flat Tossed Top)

   545 Japanese Tossed General

   550 String Wound Gyroscope

   560Hanging Tops

   570 Buzzer

   580 Diablo

   590 Yo-Yo

600 Spring Launched

    610 Spring Launched Detachable Horizontal Launcher

    611 Spring Launched Detachable Verticle Launcher

    620 Attached Spring Launcher

    630 Gun Trigger Launcher

700 Rubber Band

    730 Gun Trigger Launcher

800 Teeth Strip

    800 General Teeth Strip Launched

    810 Teeth Strip Launched Detachable Horizonal Handle

    811 Teeth Strip Launched Detachable Verticle Handle

    821 Western Peg Crowned (Teeth Strip Launched)**   (See Note Below)

    850 Gyroscope (Teeth Strip Launched)

900 Whip

   910 Western Whip Bullet Shaped

    920 Western Whip Mushroom Shaped

1000 Push Rod Top

1100 Archimedean Rod (Plunger or  Pump Top)

    1110  Detachable Archimedean Rod

    1120  Attached Archimedean Rod (Tin Pump or Tin Litho)

    1121  Classic Plunger Plastic Bubble Top

    1122  Classic Plunger Plastic Bubble Animated (moveable parts inside the bubble)

    1123  Classic Plunger Color Blending

    1124  Push Button Pump

    1125  Push Button Pump Animated (moveable parts inside bubble)

1200 Friction

    1250 Gyroscope

1300 Electric

     1310 Detachable Horizontal Electric Launcher

    1311 Detachable Vertical Electric Launcher

    1320 Attached Electric Launcher

    1350 Gyroscope

1400 Water *** (See Note Below)

    1450 Gyroscope

1500 Crank

    1550 Gyroscope 

Other Classes

3000 Spinning Top Cousins

  3100Aerial Top

    3200 Wheel-O

    3300  Incidental Tops (Objects that act like tops, but are not designed or formed to do so, e.g. acorns.)

    3900 Miscellaneous Spinning Toys

4000 Spinning Top Games

  4100 Battle Tops

    4200 Knock Down Pins

    4300 Knock Marbles into Holes (Roullette)

    4400 Top Maze

    4500 Gyroscope Games

    4600 Put and Take

Alternate Gyroscope Class (Gyroscope as one class)

5000 Gryoscope General

    5100 String Wound Gyroscope

    5200 Teeth Strip Launched Gyroscope

    5300 Friction Wound Gyroscope

    5400 Blown Gyroscope

    5500 Electric Gyroscope

** Note:  There are a few Western Pegs (S521) that can be alternately launched with a teeth strip.  You can give these pegs the class S821, or assign a secondary number: S521(S800) or S521(S821).  It depends on whether or not you want to keep all your pegs in the 520 class.

*** Note: I’ve never seen a water powered top. A sprinkler or paddle wheel comes to mind.

(Note:  The “S” beginning each Top Classification Number stands for “Spinning  Top”.)

Rule 1 :

Attach a secondary number enclosed by ( ) or [ ] to the primary number in order to represent a secondary top type.  In the case of supported tops, the primary number should represent the supported top.

Explanation:  Some tops, mostly supported, consist of multiple  top types, e.g. Supported Tippe Top.  In such cases, the Supported Classification should be used first, followed by a secondary top classification number enclosed in ( ) or [ ].

Examples:

S510(130)    (Supported Classic Tippe)   (The number is pronounced “five ten, one thirty”)

S521(510)    (Western Peg Crowned, which can be launched with horizontal bracket)

S611(145)    (Supported Mechanical Detachable Teetotum Dreidel)

S611(521)    (Supported Mechanical Detachable Western Peg )

S810(521)    (Supported Mechanical Teeth Strip Launched  Western Peg Crowned)

S1100(525)    (Supported Plunger or Pump Western Peg Uncrowned)

Rule 2 :

Attach a Letter from the Shape Table to the Top Classification number, preceded by a dash, to represent various shapes. 

Shape Table

 * Letters to add according to Shape

A        Animal

C        Cube

CN      Cone

CY      Cylinder

DC     Disc

F         Fruit

P          Polygon (General)

FOV    Flat Oval

FTR     Flat Triangle

FSQ     Flat Square

FPN     Flat Pentagonal

FHX    Flat Hexagonal

FHP    Flat Heptagonal

FOC    Flat Octagonal

H        Human

HX     Hexagonal

IR       Inorganic

OR     Organic (Other than Fruit)

OV     Oval

PY       Pyramid

SP       Spherical

4T,5T, etc. (4 sideded Teetotum, 5 sided, etc.) Note: Not needed for Dreidel and Dice Teetotums.

Examples:

S110-H    (Twirler Finger Human Shaped Top)     (Number is pronounced “one ten dash H”)

S110-A    (Twirler Finger Animal Shaped)

S110-F    (Twirler Finger Fruit Shaped)

S110-IR  (Twirler Finger Inorganic Shaped)

S510-F    (Supported Classic Fruit Shaped)

S511-DC    (Supported Detachable, Verticle Handle Disc Shaped, e.g. Roto Top)

S611-H   (Supported Mechanical Detachable Human Shaped)

S5200-H   (Plastic Teeth Launched Gyroscope Human Shaped, e.g. Dancing Ballerina Top)

S5300-IR  (Friction Wound Gyroscope Inorganic Shaped)

S143-8T  (Alpha-Numeric 8 sided Teetotum) 

Rule 3:

Attach a number from the Additional Attributes Table to the Top Classification Number, preceded by a dash (unless already preceded by a Shape Letter), in order to represent additional attributes.  Add multiple numbers to reach a sum in case of multiple attributes (e.g. Twirler Finger (S110) that lights up (25) and plays music (50):  25+50=75, thus S110-75).

Additional Attributes Table

* Numbers to add according to Additional Attributes

01 General Noise (Includes Bells and Electronic Noises)

02 Bounces

05 Sparks

06 Rattles

09 Choral (Reeds producing Music or Sound)

10 Whistles or Hums

25 Light

29 Writing Instrument Attached, e.g. Doodle Top

50 Musical

100 Magnetic

200 Optical Illusion

400 Advertising

800 Glows in the Dark

2000 Multiple Tops (e.g. nested tops)

5000 Hollow

8000 Double Tipped

9000 Stationary (Fixed Position)

Examples:

S110-75        (Twirler Finger that lights up and plays music)

S110-9001    (Finger Twirler that is stationary and makes bell sound)

S510-10        (Supported Classic that hums, i.e. English Humming Top)

S510-2000    (Supported Classic with Dual Tops)

S611-H75     (Supported Mechanical detachable, human shaped, that lights up and plays music)

S611-35        (Supported Mechanical detachable that lights up and whistles)

S1110-10        (Supported Plunger that hums)

S1110-29        (Supported Plunger with marker attached)

S520-8000    (Western Peg Double Tipped)

S521-10        (Western Peg Crowned that whistles, e.g. Duncan Whistler)

S521-410      (Western Peg Crowned that whistles and includes advertising)

Rule 4 (Optional) :

Optionally, one may add a lowercase letter from the Construction Material Table to the end of the Top Classification Number in order to represent a top’s construction material.  In cases of mixed media, more than one constructional material number may be used with the predominate material listed first. 

Construction Material Table (Optional)

*Lowercase letters  to add according to Construction Material (Optional)

bn  Bone

gl Glass

mt Metal

pl Plastic

wd Wood

cr Ceramic

st  Stone

gr  Gourd

nt  Nut

nr  Natural Material (can be used for Gourd or Nut)

pr  Paper

en  Enamel

br  Brass

tn  Tin

Examples:

S145-75pl  (Dreidel that lights ups, plays music and is made of plastic)

S145wd   (Dreidel made of wood)

S130bn  (Tippe made of bone)

S5000pm  (Gyroscope made of plastic and metal)

Rule 5 (Optional):

Optionally, one may wish to add to the Top Classification Number further descriptions in the following order:  Country of Origin, Manufacturer, Model Name, Color, and Other.  One may wish to add as many of these descriptions as desired, as long as the correct order is observed, e.g. -Country-Color; -Manufacturer-Model Name; or simply -Other.

Rule 5 must be applied after applying Rules 1-4, and must be preceded by a dash.  If rule 4 is used, the lower case construction material letter must be attached before applying Rule 5 (e.g. S521wd-USA).

Note:  The “-Other” description has two purposes:  (1) to provide a place for top attributes missed in the Rules Tables; and (2) to provide a freelance Notes field.  For example, Gildas Lescop, a French top collector, has a S110, which is also a pencil sharpener.  I would suggest classifying this unusual top, S110-Pencil Sharpener.  I use the -Other field for such things as indicating a top bought from the online service, ebay, or to identify the songs played by -75 tops.

Examples:

S110-H-India

S513-Japan-Red,Yellow,Green

S1110-Ohio Arts

S521-10-Duncan-Whistler

S521-Royal-Red-ebay @ $5.99

S521wd-USA-Toycrafter-Natural Tone 

Sample from my catalog:

(This catalog represents a portion of my collection.  It was done in the Excel worksheet program and sorted by Description.  In the worksheet I created separate fields for Country and Manufacturer so that I could sort by either.  You could also add fields for the Additional Attributes Number so you could sort by that.  Of course you could also do this in a database program and include pictures.)

Sample from 2nd Rev.

Quantity Description

______  ________

Un-Aided Launch

6             S110

1             S110-06

2             S110-100

7             S110-200

1             S110-200-Toycrafter-Lucky Penny Top

3             S110-400

2             S110-75

1             S110-800

1             S110-C

1             S110-India

1             S110-Japan

1             S110-Toycrafter-Lazercut

4             S110bn-Australia-Brian Lemin-Miniature

2             S110cr-USA

1             S110nr

1             S111

1             S112-Carlisle-Revolution

2             S113-200

2             S114

1             S130b-Australia-Brian Lemin-Miniature

4             S130pl

9             S130wd

2             S145

1             S145-75-Tradional Dreidel Song

2             S145-Small

2             S145Pwd-Small

2             S200-Japan

1             S200-Japan-Large

1             S400-2000-Israel

String Launched

1             S510

1             S510-2000-Japan

1             S511-DC-Roto Top

1             S513

1             S513-Japan

1             S514-H-Japan- ebay (10/15/99)

String Launched (Peg-Tops)

2             S521-Duncan-Imperial

1             S521-Duncan-Sir Duncan-ebay

2             S521-Duncan-Tournament-ebay

2             S521-Toycrafter-Natural Tone

2             S521wd-Small-circa 1940’s/1950’s

1             S522

1             S523-Astro Top-ebay

Spring Launched

3             S611(521)-10pl

1             S611-27

1             S611-75-Jingle Bells

1             S611-2000-Agglo-Turbo Tower Tops-five stackable tops

2             S611-10mtwd-Gibbs

5             S611mtwd-Gibbs

Whips

1             S910-U.K.-Peter Camus

1             S910-USA

Push Rod

1           S1000-ebay

Gyroscopes

1             S5100mt

1             S5100plmt

1             S5500-ebay

1             S5200-H

1             S5200-25

__________________

108 Total

More tops from a “sub-collection” of mine:

“Un-aided”

1 S110

1 S110-Wagon Wheel

2 S113

1 S130pl

7 S140pl-black

“Aided”

1 S510

1 S514-10

2 S590pl

2 S590wd

4 S611mt-Gibbs

1 S611pl-2000-Turbo Tower Tops-5 tops

1 S1000-3 tops

1 S5200-75

===

Total 25 Tops

Please let me know if you have any questions or just want to talk about tops:

John Sandstrum

Last Revised July 14, 2005.

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